Amakuru - Ibyiza byamazi, Ubwoko bwamazi ni ubuhe?

Ibisobanuro rusange

Amazi, nkuko izina ribivuga, arangwa nubushobozi bwayo bwo gutemba.Bitandukanye nigikomeye kuko kigira ihinduka ryimiterere kubera guhangayika kwogosha, nubwo guhangayikishwa noguto bishobora kuba bito. Gusa igipimo ni uko umwanya uhagije ugomba kurangira kugirango deformisiyo ibe. Muri ubu buryo, amazi nta shusho afite.

Amazi ashobora kugabanywamo amazi na gaze. Amazi arashobora guhindagurika gato kandi hari ubuso bwubusa iyo ashyizwe mubikoresho bifunguye. Kurundi ruhande, gaze ihora yaguka kugirango yuzuze ibikoresho byayo. Umwuka ni gaze iri hafi yamazi.

Amazi ya injeniyeri yitaye cyane ni amazi. Irashobora kuba irimo ibice bitatu kw'ijana vy'umwuka mu gisubizo ku muvuduko w'ikirere gikunda kurekurwa. Hagomba gutangwa ibi mugihe dushushanya pompe, valve, imiyoboro, nibindi.

Amashanyarazi ya Turbine

Moteri ya Diesel Vertical Turbine multistage centrifugal inline shaft water Pompage Ubu bwoko bwa pompe ya drainage ikoreshwa cyane mugupompa nta ruswa, ubushyuhe buri munsi ya 60 ° C, ibintu byahagaritswe (utabariyemo fibre, grits) bitarenze 150 mg / L birimo umwanda cyangwa amazi. Ubwoko bwa VTP bwamazi ya pompe iri mubwoko bwa VTP pompe zamazi zihagaritse, kandi ukurikije kwiyongera hamwe na cola, shiraho amavuta ya tube ni amavuta. Irashobora kunywa itabi ubushyuhe buri munsi ya 60 ° C, ohereza kubamo ingano zikomeye (nk'icyuma gisakaye n'umucanga mwiza, amakara, nibindi) by'imyanda cyangwa amazi yanduye.

Ibintu nyamukuru byumubiri byamazi byasobanuwe kuburyo bukurikira:

Ubucucike (ρ)

Ubucucike bwamazi nubunini bwayo mubunini. Muri sisitemu ya SI igaragazwa nka kg / m³.

Amazi ari hejuru yubunini bwa kg 1000 / m³kuri 4 ° C. Hariho kugabanuka gake mubucucike hamwe nubushyuhe bwiyongera ariko kubikorwa bifatika ubwinshi bwamazi ni 1000 kg / m³.

Ubucucike bugereranije ni igipimo cy'ubucucike bw'amazi n'ay'amazi.

Misa yihariye (w)

Ubwinshi bwihariye bwamazi nubunini bwayo mubunini bwa.Muri sisitemu ya Si, igaragarira muri N / m³. Ku bushyuhe busanzwe, w ni 9810 N / m³cyangwa 9.81 kN / m³(hafi 10 kN / m³kugirango byoroshye kubara).

Imbaraga rukuruzi (SG)

Uburemere bwihariye bwamazi ni igipimo cyubwinshi bwubunini bwamazi yatanzwe nubwinshi bwamazi amwe. Niyo mpamvu kandi igipimo cyubwinshi bwamazi nubucucike bwamazi meza, mubisanzwe byose kuri 15 ° C.

Vacuum Priming iriba neza pompe

Icyitegererezo Oya ： TWP

TWP ikurikirana ya Movable Diesel Moteri yo kwiyitirira Iriba Ingingo Amazi Amazi yihutirwa yateguwe na DRAKOS PUMP yo muri Singapuru hamwe na sosiyete ya REEOFLO yo mubudage. Uru ruhererekane rwa pompe rushobora gutwara ubwoko bwose bwisuku, butabogamye kandi bwangirika burimo ibice. Gukemura byinshi bya gakondo yo kwiyitirira pompe amakosa. Ubu bwoko bwa pompe-pompe idasanzwe yumye yumye izahita itangira kandi itangire idafite amazi yo gutangira bwa mbere, Umutwe wo guswera urashobora kurenza m 9; Igishushanyo cyiza cya hydraulic nuburyo budasanzwe bikomeza gukora neza hejuru ya 75%. Nuburyo butandukanye bwo kwishyiriraho kubushake.

Modulus nyinshi (k)

cyangwa intego zifatika, amazi ashobora gufatwa nkibidashoboka. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, hari ibibazo bimwe na bimwe, nk'imigezi idahwitse mu miyoboro, aho compressible igomba kwitabwaho. Ubwinshi bwa modulus ya elastique, k, itangwa na:

aho p niyongera ryumuvuduko, iyo ushyizwe mubunini V, bivamo kugabanuka kwijwi AV. Kubera ko kugabanuka kwijwi bigomba guhuzwa no kwiyongera kugereranije mubucucike, Ikigereranyo cya 1 gishobora kugaragazwa nk:

cyangwa amazi, k ni hafi 2 150 MPa kubushyuhe busanzwe hamwe nigitutu. Bikurikiraho ko amazi yikubye inshuro 100 kuruta ibyuma.

Amazi meza

Amazi meza cyangwa atunganijwe neza niho nta terambere rifatika cyangwa ryogosha hagati yibice byamazi. Imbaraga zama zikora mubisanzwe mugice kandi zigarukira kumuvuduko nimbaraga zihuta. Nta mazi nyayo yujuje neza iki gitekerezo, kandi kumazi yose agenda harikintu gihangayikishije gihari kigira ingaruka zo kugenda. Nyamara, ibintu bimwe na bimwe byamazi, harimo namazi, biri hafi yamazi meza, kandi iki gitekerezo cyoroheje gifasha uburyo bwimibare cyangwa ibishushanyo gukoreshwa mugukemura ibibazo bimwe na bimwe bitemba.

Pompe yumuriro wa Vertical Turbine

Icyitegererezo Oya ： XBC-VTP

XBC-VTP Urwego ruhagaritse shaft yumuriro pompe nuruhererekane rwicyiciro kimwe, pompe ya diffuzeri ya pompe, yakozwe hakurikijwe ibipimo ngenderwaho byigihugu GB6245-2006. Twateje imbere kandi igishushanyo mbonera cy’ishyirahamwe ry’Amerika rishinzwe kurinda umuriro. Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gutanga amazi y’umuriro muri peteroli, gaze karemano, uruganda rukora amashanyarazi, imyenda y’ipamba, ikibuga cy’indege, indege, ububiko, inyubako izamuka cyane n’izindi nganda. Irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mubwato, ikigega cyinyanja, ubwato bwumuriro nibindi bihe byo gutanga.

Viscosity

Ubukonje bwamazi ni igipimo cyo kurwanya imihangayiko ya tangensi cyangwa shear. Bikomoka kumikoranire no guhuza molekile ya fluid. Amazi yose nyayo afite ububobere, nubwo butandukanye. Guhangayikishwa no gukata muburyo bukomeye bigereranywa no guhangayika mugihe impagarara zogosha mumazi zingana nigipimo cyogosha.Bikurikiraho ko ntihashobora kubaho impagarara zogosha mumazi aruhutse.

Igishushanyo.1.Ihinduka rinini

Reba amazi afungiye hagati yamasahani abiri aherereye intera ndende y itandukanye (Ishusho 1). Isahani yo hepfo irahagaze mugihe isahani yo hejuru igenda kumuvuduko v. Igikorwa cyamazi gifatwa ko kibaye murukurikirane rwibintu bitagira ingano cyangwa laminae, kubuntu kunyerera hejuru yundi. Nta gutambuka cyangwa guhungabana. Igice cyegeranye nicyapa gihagaze kiraruhuka mugihe igice cyegeranye nicyapa kigenda gifite umuvuduko v. Igipimo cyogosha imbaraga cyangwa umuvuduko ukabije ni dv / dy. Imbaraga zijimye cyangwa, byoroshye, viscosity μ itangwa na

Ibyo ：

Iyi mvugo yibibazo bya viscous byanditswe bwa mbere na Newton kandi bizwi nkikigereranyo cya Newton cyo kugereranya. Amazi hafi ya yose afite coefficient ihoraho yuburinganire kandi byitwa amazi ya Newtonian.

Igishushanyo.2. Isano iri hagati yo kogosha nigipimo cyo kogosha.

Igishushanyo cya 2 nigishushanyo mbonera cyerekana 3 kandi kigaragaza imyitwarire itandukanye yibikomeye hamwe namazi mugihe cyo guhangayika.

Viscosity igaragarira muri centipoises (Pa.s cyangwa Ns / m²).

Mubibazo byinshi byerekeranye no kugenda kwamazi, ubwiza bugaragara hamwe nubucucike muburyo μ / p (butagengwa nimbaraga) kandi biroroshye gukoresha ijambo rimwe v, rizwi kwizina rya kinematike.

Agaciro ka ν kumavuta aremereye karashobora kugera kuri 900 x 10^-6m²/ s, mu gihe ku mazi, afite ubukonje buke ugereranije, ni 1,14 x 10? m2 / s kuri 15 ° C. Ubukonje bwa kinematike bwamazi bugabanuka hamwe nubushyuhe bwiyongera. Ku bushyuhe bwicyumba, ubukonje bwa kinematike bwikubye inshuro 13 ubw'amazi.

Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe na capillarity

Icyitonderwa:

Guhuriza hamwe ni ugukurura molekile zisa zifite kuri mugenzi we.

Adhesion nigikurura molekile zidasa zifite kuri buriwese.

Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru ni umutungo wumubiri utuma igitonyanga cyamazi gifatwa muguhagarikwa kuri robine, icyombo cyuzuyemo amazi hejuru gato yumutwe nyamara ntisuke cyangwa urushinge rureremba hejuru yamazi. Ibi bintu byose biterwa nubusabane hagati ya molekile hejuru yamazi ahuza andi mazi adasanzwe cyangwa gaze. Ninkaho ubuso bugizwe na elastique ya elastique, ihangayikishijwe kimwe, ikunda guhora yanduye agace kegeranye. Rero dusanga ibibyimba byinshi bya gaze mumazi nigitonyanga cyamazi mubirere bigereranijwe.

Imbaraga zubusumbane hejuru yumurongo uwo ariwo wose utekereza hejuru yubusa iringaniza nuburebure bwumurongo kandi ikora mubyerekezo kuriwo. Ubusumbane bwubuso kuri buri burebure bugaragarira muri mN / m. Ubunini bwayo ni buto, kuba hafi 73 mN / m y'amazi ahura n'umwuka mubushyuhe bwicyumba. Hano habaho kugabanuka gake mubuso icumiiku hamwe n'ubushyuhe bwiyongera.

Mubikorwa byinshi muri hydraulics, impagarara zubuso ntacyo zifite kuko imbaraga zifitanye isano muri rusange ntizihagije ugereranije nimbaraga za hydrostatike nimbaraga. Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru ni ngombwa gusa aho hari ubuso bwubusa kandi imipaka ni nto. Rero, kubijyanye na moderi ya hydraulic, ingaruka ziterwa nubutaka, zidafite inkurikizi muri prototype, zishobora kugira ingaruka kumyitwarire yimikorere, kandi iyi soko yamakosa mukwigana igomba kwitabwaho mugihe cyo gusobanura ibisubizo.

Ingaruka ziterwa nubutaka zigaragara cyane mugihe cya tebes ya bore ntoya ifunguye ikirere. Ibi birashobora gufata imiterere ya tebo ya manometero muri laboratoire cyangwa imyenge ifunguye mubutaka. Kurugero, mugihe umuyoboro muto wikirahure winjijwe mumazi, uzasanga amazi azamuka imbere muri tube, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 3.

Ubuso bwamazi muri tube, cyangwa menisk nkuko byitwa, byegeranye hejuru. Ikintu kizwi nka capillarity, kandi guhuza ibintu bifatika hagati yamazi nikirahure byerekana ko guhuza amazi imbere bitarenze guhuza amazi nikirahure. Umuvuduko wamazi uri mumiyoboro yegeranye nubusa ni munsi yikirere.

Igishushanyo 3. Ubushobozi

Mercure yitwara mu buryo butandukanye, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 3 (b) .Kubera ko imbaraga zo guhuzagurika ziruta imbaraga zo gufatira hamwe, inguni yo guhuza ni nini kandi menisk ifite isura ya convex mu kirere kandi yihebye. Umuvuduko uherekeza hejuru yubusa urenze ikirere.

Ingaruka ya capillarity muri manometero hamwe nikirahure cya gauge irashobora kwirindwa ukoresheje tebes zitari munsi ya mm 10 z'umurambararo.

Centrifugal Inyanja Amazi Amashanyarazi

Icyitegererezo Oya ： ASN ASNV

Icyitegererezo cya ASN na ASNV nicyiciro kimwe cyikubye kabiri cyogucamo ibice pompe ya centrifugal kandi ikoreshwa cyangwa itwara amazi mumirimo y'amazi, kuzenguruka ikirere, kubaka, kuhira, sitasiyo ya pompe, amashanyarazi, sisitemu yo gutanga amazi munganda, kurwanya umuriro sisitemu, ubwato, kubaka n'ibindi.

Umuvuduko wumwuka

Amazi ya molekile afite ingufu za kinetic ziteganijwe ziva mumubiri nyamukuru wamazi hejuru yubusa hanyuma zikanyura mumyuka. Umuvuduko ukorwa niyi myuka uzwi nkumuvuduko wumwuka, P,. Ubwiyongere bwubushyuhe bujyanye no guhindagurika kwa molekile nini bityo kwiyongera k'umuvuduko wumwuka. Iyo umuvuduko wumwuka uhwanye numuvuduko wa gaze hejuru yacyo, amazi arabira. Umuvuduko wumwuka wamazi kuri 15 ° C ni 1,72 kPa (1,72 kN / m²).

Umuvuduko w'ikirere

Umuvuduko wikirere hejuru yisi upimwa na barometero. Ku nyanja, umuvuduko w'ikirere ugereranyije kPa 101 kandi usanzwe ufite agaciro. Habaho kugabanuka k'umuvuduko w'ikirere hamwe n'ubutumburuke; kuburugero, kuri 1 500m yagabanutse kugera kuri 88 kPa. Inkingi y'amazi ihwanye na metero 10,3 m kurwego rwinyanja, kandi bakunze kwita barometero y'amazi. Uburebure ni hypothettike, kubera ko umuvuduko wumwuka wamazi wabuza icyuho cyuzuye kugerwaho. Mercure ni amazi arenze urugero ya barometrike, kubera ko ifite umuvuduko mwinshi wumuyaga. Na none, ubwinshi bwacyo butanga inkingi yuburebure bufatika -kuri m 0,75 m kurwego rwinyanja.

Nkuko imikazo myinshi ihura na hydraulics iri hejuru yumuvuduko wikirere kandi igapimwa nibikoresho byandika ugereranije, biroroshye kubona umuvuduko wikirere nka datum, ni ukuvuga zeru. Imyuka noneho ivugwa nkumuvuduko wikigereranyo iyo hejuru yumuvuduko wikirere na vacuum iyo munsi yacyo. Niba igitutu cya zeru gifatwa nka datum, imikazo ivugwa ko ari ntarengwa. Mugice cya 5 aho NPSH iganirwaho, imibare yose igaragarira mumagambo yuzuye ya barometero, urwego rwa iesea = 0 bar gauge = 1 bar absolute = 101 kPa = 10,3 m amazi.

Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-20-2024